Grade 12 Physical Sciences: Formula and Data Reference

The constants, formulas and definitions every Physical Sciences learner needs in one place.

Constants to memorise

c = 3 × 10⁸ m·s⁻¹
g = 9,8 m·s⁻²
Avogadro: N_A = 6,02 × 10²³ mol⁻¹
Standard pressure 101,3 kPa; 1 mol gas at STP = 22,4 dm³

Chemistry core

Molar mass: M = m/n; n = N/N_A; c = n/V
pV = nRT with R = 8,31 J·K⁻¹·mol⁻¹
Bonding: ionic, covalent, metallic; molecular shapes (linear, bent, tetrahedral)
Organic: alkanes CₙH₂ₙ₊₂, alkenes CₙH₂ₙ; reactions (combustion, substitution, addition, esterification)

Physics core

Motion: vf = vi + aΔt; Δx = viΔt + ½aΔt²; vf² = vi² + 2aΔx
Newton: Fnet = ma; weight w = mg
Momentum: p = mv; impulse FnetΔt = Δp
Energy: Ep = mgh; Ek = ½mv²; W = FΔx cosθ; Power = W/Δt
Waves: v = fλ

Data-based question tips

Always write formula → substitute with units → answer with correct significant figures and units.

Follow along (device voice)

Listen and follow along as each word is spoken

Constants to memorise - c = 3 × 10⁸ m·s⁻¹ - g = 9,8 m·s⁻² - Avogadro: N A = 6,02 × 10²³ mol⁻¹ - Standard pressure 101,3 kPa; 1 mol gas at STP = 22,4 dm³ Chemistry core - Molar mass: M = m/n; n = N/N A; c = n/V - pV = nRT with R = 8,31 J·K⁻¹·mol⁻¹ - Bonding: ionic, covalent, metallic; molecular shapes linear, bent, tetrahedral - Organic: alkanes CₙH₂ₙ₊₂, alkenes CₙH₂ₙ; reactions combustion, substitution, addition, esterification Physics core - Motion: vf = vi + aΔt; Δx = viΔt + ½aΔt²; vf² = vi² + 2aΔx - Newton: Fnet = ma; weight w = mg - Momentum: p = mv; impulse FnetΔt = Δp - Energy: Ep = mgh; Ek = ½mv²; W = FΔx cosθ; Power = W/Δt - Waves: v = fλ Data-based question tips Always write formula → substitute with units → answer with correct significant figures and units.